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A dated bracketed name after a genus is a zoological subgenus - #204

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Aedes (Stegomyia) Theobald, 1901 was an INFRAGENERIC_NAME with no code. The subgenus rule needs the zoological code, and since #60 a year sets none.

Changes

  • Dated bracket → zoological subgenus. A bare capitalised word in brackets after a genus (no rank marker, no epithet), followed by an author and a year, sets the ZOOLOGICAL code, so the rank becomes SUBGENUS (ICZN Art. 6.1). A code given by the caller still wins: under the botanical code Humiriastrum (Urban) Cuatrecasas, 1961 stays a genus with basionym author Urban. Undated names are unchanged; botany brackets its subdivisions too (ICN Rec. 21A).
  • in citation years count. The year of an in citation that names authors dates the name too:
    • Aedes (Paraedes) Edwards in Barraud 1934 lost its subgenus as a basionym author (320 names).
    • Antlemon (Antlemon) Haliday in Loew, 1871 got no code.
    • A citation of a work does not count (… in Bentham & Hooker, Gen. Pl. 2: 532. 1873).
  • Well-known basionym authors are no subgenus. resources/basionym-authors.txt lists 4,048 authors, generated from ChecklistBank by scripts/build-basionym-authors.py. In brackets, a listed author is not read as a subgenus even with a year: Eutypella (Nitschke) Sacc., 1875, Clathrotropis (Bentham) Harms in Dalla Torre & Harms, 1901.

Corpus (ChecklistBank, distinct names, against main)

Change Names
INFRAGENERIC_NAME → SUBGENUS + ZOOLOGICAL 41,236
basionym-author genus → SUBGENUS + ZOOLOGICAL (in citations) 320
INFRAGENERIC_NAME → genus with its basionym author (author list) 152

Known misses:

  • Amolops (Amo) Dubois 1992 is a frog subgenus whose name is also an author's.
  • Pyramimonas (Vestigiferae) is an alga and now gets the zoological code.

An authorship supplied separately from the name (Lanium + (Lindley) Bentham, 1881) always keeps its bracket as the basionym, so the botanical sources that ChecklistBank parses that way are unaffected.

Tests

  • 15 parse and 2 format golden rows re-baselined.
  • New cases in impl_10.rs and a cascade unit test in authorship_split.rs.
  • The "Infrageneric names by code" section of docs/parsing-examples.md is regenerated.

…bgenus

"Aedes (Stegomyia) Theobald, 1901" was an INFRAGENERIC_NAME with no code: the subgenus rule needs
the zoological code, and since #60 a year sets none. A bare capitalised word in brackets after a
genus, followed by an author and a year, is the zoological subgenus (ICZN Art. 6.1); botany brackets
its subdivisions only inside a binomial (ICN Rec. 21A) and the prokaryote code writes "subgen."
(Rule 10c). In ChecklistBank the shape declares ICZN in 71.5k rows, ICN in 754, nearly all
foraminifera, and the 3 plants among them are subgenera too. Without a year it stays open:
"Werneria (Euwerneria)" may be a botanical section, "Crepidotus (Fries) Staude" is a basionym.

The year of an "in" citation naming authors counts as well. It is stripped before the
subgenus-or-basionym cascade, so "Aedes (Paraedes) Edwards in Barraud 1934" lost its subgenus as a
basionym author (320 names); "Antlemon (Antlemon) Haliday in Loew, 1871" got no code. A citation of
a work does not count: "Epilasia (Bunge) Benth. in Bentham & Hooker, Gen. Pl. 2: 532. 1873".

A well-known basionym author in the brackets is no subgenus, a year notwithstanding:
"Eutypella (Nitschke) Sacc., 1875", "Clathrotropis (Bentham) Harms in Dalla Torre & Harms, 1901".
resources/basionym-authors.txt lists 4,048 of them, generated from ChecklistBank by
scripts/build-basionym-authors.py: bracketed basionym of a separate authorship in 20 rows or more,
bracketed subgenus in fewer than 5 (Mitra, Costa stay out). It rescues 152 botanical and fungal
genera that were read as infrageneric already; one frog subgenus, "Amolops (Amo) Dubois 1992",
collides.

41,236 + 320 distinct names become zoological subgenera; 15 parse and 2 format golden rows
re-baselined. A code given by the caller still wins, and an authorship given apart from the name
keeps its bracket the basionym.
@mdoering
mdoering merged commit 5e86c57 into main Oct 20, 2026
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mdoering deleted the feat/dated-bracket-subgenus branch October 20, 2026 13:36
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