syntax.smash

// SmashLang Syntax Examples

// Comments
// This is a single-line comment

/* This is a
   multi-line comment */

// Variables and Constants
let x = 10;          // Variable declaration with 'let'
const PI = 3.14159;  // Constant declaration with 'const'

// Basic Data Types
let num = 42;                // Number (integer)
let float = 3.14;            // Number (floating point)
let str = "Hello, world!";   // String with double quotes
let str2 = 'Single quotes';  // String with single quotes
let bool = true;             // Boolean (true)
let bool2 = false;           // Boolean (false)
let nullValue = null;        // Null value
let undefinedValue;          // Undefined value

// Template Strings
let name = "John";
let greeting = `Hello, ${name}!`;  // Template string with interpolation
print(greeting);  // Output: Hello, John!

// Arrays
let emptyArray = [];
let numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
let mixed = [1, "two", true, null];

// Accessing array elements
print(numbers[0]);  // Output: 1
print(numbers[2]);  // Output: 3

// Array methods
numbers.push(6);           // Add element to the end
let lastNumber = numbers.pop();  // Remove last element
let firstNumber = numbers.shift();  // Remove first element
numbers.unshift(0);        // Add element to the beginning
let sliced = numbers.slice(1, 3);  // Get a slice of the array

// Objects
let emptyObject = {};
let person = {
    name: "John",
    age: 30,
    isEmployed: true,
    address: {
        street: "123 Main St",
        city: "Anytown",
        zipCode: "12345"
    }
};

// Accessing object properties
print(person.name);  // Output: John
print(person["age"]);  // Output: 30
print(person.address.city);  // Output: Anytown

// Operators
// Arithmetic operators
let a = 10;
let b = 3;
print(a + b);  // Addition: 13
print(a - b);  // Subtraction: 7
print(a * b);  // Multiplication: 30
print(a / b);  // Division: 3.333...
print(a % b);  // Modulo: 1
print(a ** b); // Exponentiation: 1000

// Increment and decrement
let c = 5;
c++;  // Increment: c is now 6
c--;  // Decrement: c is now 5

// Assignment operators
let d = 10;
d += 5;  // d = d + 5: d is now 15
d -= 3;  // d = d - 3: d is now 12
d *= 2;  // d = d * 2: d is now 24
d /= 4;  // d = d / 4: d is now 6
d %= 4;  // d = d % 4: d is now 2

// Comparison operators
print(5 == "5");   // Equal (value): true
print(5 === "5");  // Strict equal (value and type): false
print(5 != "5");   // Not equal (value): false
print(5 !== "5");  // Strict not equal (value and type): true
print(5 > 3);      // Greater than: true
print(5 >= 5);     // Greater than or equal: true
print(3 < 5);      // Less than: true
print(3 <= 3);     // Less than or equal: true

// Logical operators
print(true && false);  // Logical AND: false
print(true || false);  // Logical OR: true
print(!true);          // Logical NOT: false

// Ternary operator
let age = 20;
let status = age >= 18 ? "Adult" : "Minor";
print(status);  // Output: Adult

// Nullish coalescing operator
let username = null;
let displayName = username ?? "Anonymous";
print(displayName);  // Output: Anonymous

// Optional chaining
let user = {
    profile: {
        // address: { city: "New York" }
    }
};
let city = user.profile?.address?.city ?? "Unknown";
print(city);  // Output: Unknown

// Spread operator
let arr1 = [1, 2, 3];
let arr2 = [...arr1, 4, 5];  // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

let obj1 = { a: 1, b: 2 };
let obj2 = { ...obj1, c: 3 };  // { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }

// Rest parameters
function sum(...numbers) {
    return numbers.reduce((total, num) => total + num, 0);
}
print(sum(1, 2, 3, 4));  // Output: 10

// Destructuring
// Array destructuring
let [first, second, ...rest] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
print(first);  // Output: 1
print(second);  // Output: 2
print(rest);  // Output: [3, 4, 5]

// Object destructuring
let { name: personName, age: personAge } = person;
print(personName);  // Output: John
print(personAge);  // Output: 30

// Nested destructuring
let { address: { city: personCity } } = person;
print(personCity);  // Output: Anytown