From 4bf8c869a22b12de197c6fa985065c29fa923d4a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ilia Alshanetsky <ilia@ilia.ws>
Date: Tue, 4 Aug 2026 22:01:44 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] Fix segfault comparing uninitialized SimpleXMLElement
 instances

sxe_objects_compare dereferenced document->ptr when both nodes were
NULL without checking document. A subclass that skips parent
__construct leaves document NULL, so $a == $b segfaulted. Compare the
documents only when both are set; anything else is uncomparable.
---
 NEWS                                          |  2 ++
 ext/simplexml/simplexml.c                     |  2 +-
 .../tests/bug_sxe_compare_uninitialized.phpt  | 28 +++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 ext/simplexml/tests/bug_sxe_compare_uninitialized.phpt

diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS
index 05e3a23118d2..7b189d4900d7 100644
--- a/NEWS
+++ b/NEWS
@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ PHP                                                                        NEWS
 - SimpleXML:
   . Fixed integer element offsets that cannot resolve aliasing an existing
     element. (iliaal)
+  . Fixed segfault when comparing uninitialized SimpleXMLElement
+    instances. (iliaal)
 
 - Sockets:
   . Fixed various memory related issues in ext/sockets. (David Carlier)
diff --git a/ext/simplexml/simplexml.c b/ext/simplexml/simplexml.c
index f3c1a073fcaf..1a346200199b 100644
--- a/ext/simplexml/simplexml.c
+++ b/ext/simplexml/simplexml.c
@@ -1237,7 +1237,7 @@ static int sxe_objects_compare(zval *object1, zval *object2) /* {{{ */
 
 	if (sxe1->node == NULL && sxe2->node == NULL) {
 		/* Both nodes not set: Only support equality comparison between documents. */
-		if (sxe1->document->ptr == sxe2->document->ptr) {
+		if (sxe1->document != NULL && sxe2->document != NULL && sxe1->document->ptr == sxe2->document->ptr) {
 			return 0;
 		}
 		return ZEND_UNCOMPARABLE;
diff --git a/ext/simplexml/tests/bug_sxe_compare_uninitialized.phpt b/ext/simplexml/tests/bug_sxe_compare_uninitialized.phpt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4d915b66c3a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/simplexml/tests/bug_sxe_compare_uninitialized.phpt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+--TEST--
+Comparing uninitialized SimpleXMLElement instances must not segfault
+--EXTENSIONS--
+simplexml
+--FILE--
+<?php
+class MySXE extends SimpleXMLElement {
+    public function __construct() {}
+}
+$a = new MySXE;
+$b = new MySXE;
+echo "self: ";
+var_dump($a == $a);
+echo "equal: ";
+var_dump($a == $b);
+echo "identical: ";
+var_dump($a === $b);
+$c = simplexml_load_string('<r/>');
+echo "uninit vs init: ";
+var_dump($a == $c);
+echo "done\n";
+?>
+--EXPECT--
+self: bool(true)
+equal: bool(false)
+identical: bool(false)
+uninit vs init: bool(false)
+done