diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index 2e1d7e311..78e215f78 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ jobs:
           - tests/mock_vws/test_update_target.py::TestImage::test_image_valid
           - tests/mock_vws/test_update_target.py::TestImage::test_bad_image_format_or_color_space
           - tests/mock_vws/test_update_target.py::TestImage::test_corrupted
+          - tests/mock_vws/test_update_target.py::TestImage::test_truncated
           - tests/mock_vws/test_update_target.py::TestImage::test_image_too_large
           - tests/mock_vws/test_update_target.py::TestImage::test_not_base64_encoded_processable
           - tests/mock_vws/test_update_target.py::TestImage::test_not_base64_encoded_not_processable
diff --git a/newsfragments/3498.change b/newsfragments/3498.change
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e158d81cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/newsfragments/3498.change
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Return a ``BadImage`` response, rather than failing to respond, when an image given to the Target API is truncated before the end of its image data.
diff --git a/src/mock_vws/_services_validators/image_validators.py b/src/mock_vws/_services_validators/image_validators.py
index fadf0fea0..1d693732c 100644
--- a/src/mock_vws/_services_validators/image_validators.py
+++ b/src/mock_vws/_services_validators/image_validators.py
@@ -43,7 +43,13 @@ def validate_image_integrity(*, request_body: bytes) -> None:
     with open_image(fp=image_file) as pil_image:
         try:
             pil_image.verify()
-        except SyntaxError as exc:
+        except (OSError, SyntaxError) as exc:
+            # ``verify`` raises ``SyntaxError`` for a damaged header and
+            # ``OSError`` for damaged image data, such as a PNG which is
+            # truncated before its ``IEND`` chunk.
+            # ``open_image`` runs outside this ``try``, so anything which
+            # cannot be opened at all is already rejected by
+            # ``validate_image_is_image``.
             _LOGGER.warning(msg="The image is not a valid image file.")
             raise BadImageError from exc
 
diff --git a/tests/mock_vws/test_add_target.py b/tests/mock_vws/test_add_target.py
index 76f1d5efe..a595eec0a 100644
--- a/tests/mock_vws/test_add_target.py
+++ b/tests/mock_vws/test_add_target.py
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 from tests.mock_vws.utils import (
     make_decompression_bomb_image_file,
     make_single_color_image_file,
+    make_truncated_png_file,
 )
 from tests.mock_vws.utils.assertions import (
     assert_vws_failure,
@@ -505,6 +506,30 @@ def test_corrupted(
             result_code=ResultCodes.BAD_IMAGE,
         )
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def test_truncated(vws_client: VWS) -> None:
+        """
+        An error is returned when the given image is truncated before
+        the
+        end of its image data.
+        """
+        image_file = make_truncated_png_file()
+
+        with pytest.raises(expected_exception=BadImageError) as exc:
+            vws_client.add_target(
+                name="example_name",
+                width=1,
+                image=image_file,
+                application_metadata=None,
+                active_flag=True,
+            )
+
+        assert_vws_failure(
+            response=exc.value.response,
+            status_code=HTTPStatus.UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
+            result_code=ResultCodes.BAD_IMAGE,
+        )
+
     @staticmethod
     def test_decompression_bomb(vws_client: VWS) -> None:
         """
diff --git a/tests/mock_vws/test_update_target.py b/tests/mock_vws/test_update_target.py
index 3109c4f9b..4574af336 100644
--- a/tests/mock_vws/test_update_target.py
+++ b/tests/mock_vws/test_update_target.py
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 from vws_test_fixtures.images import VWS_MAX_IMAGE_FILE_SIZE
 
 from mock_vws._constants import ResultCodes
+from tests.mock_vws.utils import make_truncated_png_file
 from tests.mock_vws.utils.assertions import (
     assert_vws_failure,
     assert_vws_response,
@@ -666,6 +667,31 @@ def test_corrupted(
             result_code=ResultCodes.BAD_IMAGE,
         )
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def test_truncated(
+        *,
+        vws_client: VWS,
+        target_id: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        An error is returned when the given image is truncated before
+        the
+        end of its image data.
+        """
+        image_file = make_truncated_png_file()
+
+        with pytest.raises(expected_exception=BadImageError) as exc:
+            vws_client.update_target(
+                target_id=target_id,
+                image=image_file,
+            )
+
+        assert_vws_failure(
+            response=exc.value.response,
+            status_code=HTTPStatus.UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
+            result_code=ResultCodes.BAD_IMAGE,
+        )
+
     @staticmethod
     def test_image_too_large(
         *,
diff --git a/tests/mock_vws/utils/__init__.py b/tests/mock_vws/utils/__init__.py
index 69ffb607d..3f405ca85 100644
--- a/tests/mock_vws/utils/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/mock_vws/utils/__init__.py
@@ -203,6 +203,27 @@ def make_single_color_image_file(*, width: int, height: int) -> io.BytesIO:
     return image_buffer
 
 
+@beartype
+def make_truncated_png_file() -> io.BytesIO:
+    """Return a PNG file whose image data is cut off before the end.
+
+    The file keeps a valid signature and header, so Pillow opens it, but the
+    ``IEND`` chunk which marks the end of the image is missing, so decoding
+    the image data fails.
+
+    Returns:
+        A PNG file which is truncated before its ``IEND`` chunk.
+    """
+    image = Image.frombytes(mode="RGB", size=(1, 1), data=b"\x01\x02\x03")
+    image_buffer = io.BytesIO()
+    image.save(fp=image_buffer, format="PNG", optimize=True)
+    image_bytes = image_buffer.getvalue()
+    # Remove the ``IEND`` chunk: its four length bytes, its four type bytes
+    # and its four checksum bytes.
+    truncated = image_bytes[: image_bytes.rindex(b"IEND") - 4]
+    return io.BytesIO(initial_bytes=truncated)
+
+
 @beartype
 def make_decompression_bomb_image_file() -> io.BytesIO:
     """Return a PNG file which is tiny on disk but huge when decoded.